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Charles Jacque
Charles-Emile Jacque (23 May 1813 – 7 May 1894) was a French painter of animals (animalier) and engraver who was, with Jean-François Millet, part of the Barbizon School. He first learned to engrave maps when he spent seven years in the French Army.
==Biography==
Fleeing the Cholera epidemics that besieged Paris in the mid-nineteenth century, Charles Jacque relocated to Barbizon in 1849 with Millet. There, he painted rustic or pastoral subject matter: shepherds, flocks of sheep, pigs, and scenes of farm life. In addition to painting, Jacque was also famous for his etchings and engravings. He, along with Félix Bracquemond and Felix Buhot, is credited with the nineteenth-century revival of seventeenth-century techniques. He began his career as an engraver around 1841 by publishing a series of etchings with Louis Marvy. He followed this work with a series of engravings based on the works of Adriaen van Ostade, after which he began to create original engravings / artworks. Charles Baudelaire said of him, "Mr. Jacque’s new reputation will continue to grow always, we hope. His etchings are very bold and his subject matter is well conceived. All that Mr. Jacque does on copper is filled with a freedom and a frankness which reminds one of the Old Masters."〔Cited by Pierre-Olivier Fanica, ''Charles Jacque, 1813-1894 : École de Barbizon. Graveur original et peintre animalier'', Art Bizon, Montigny-sur-Loing, 1995, p. 133.〕
Henri Béraldi distinguished two periods in Jacque’s career. The first saw his creation of more spontaneous, Dutch inspired vignettes. In the second, for which he is more famous, he produced larger plates which, according to Fanica, were "marked by the Dutch character of his work."〔
Jacque also provided the illustrations for numerous books, in particular the ''Vicar of Wakefield'' by Oliver Goldsmith; ''The Indian Cottage'', a novella published with ''Paul et Virginie''; ''Picturesque Greece'' by Christopher Wordsworth; the ''Works'' of Shakespeare; and ''Ancient and Modern Versailles'' by Alexandre de Laborde.
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